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Low-cost green building practice in China: Library of Shandong Transportation College

Yingxin ZHU, Borong LIN, Bin YUAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 100-105 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0072-3

摘要： This paper introduces the design idea and technique utilized in the Library of Shandong Transportation College, which ranked 1st in the 2nd National Green Buildings Innovation Award in China in March 2007 due to its low cost and climate-oriented green strategy during its design and construction phase, including land saving, energy efficiency, water conservation, and so on. Originally, the place was a landfill site with an odor pool. After reconstruction, it was changed into the construction site of the library with an area of 7000m and a scenery pond. With the integrated use of passive shading, daylighting, ventilation with atriums, high-insulation materials, underground duct ventilation, and the substitution of cooling tower with the pond water, the HVAC load design indexes are 59 W/m and 21.8 W/m for space cooling and heating, respectively, much lower than the newly issued Chinese energy efficient design code for public buildings. Moreover, a set of measures is utilized for water conversation, material saving, and improvement of indoor environmental quality. After three years of operation, the real effect has been validated by electricity meter and field measurement. The total initial cost for the building with the above mentioned integrated technologies was only RMB 2150 per square meter, which was worth spending in China due to the climatic adaptability and the relative low cost.

关键词： green building low cost technique energy efficiency integrated strategy

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Low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater pollution control

Yang Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1262-9

摘要： Abstract • Various low-cost adsorbents are studied for capturing urban stormwater pollutants. • Adsorbents are selected based on both pollutant adsorption and unexpected leaching. • Application modes of adsorbents influence their utilization efficacy in practice. Stormwater represents a major non-point pollution source at an urban environment. To improve the treatment efficacy of stormwater infrastructure, low-cost adsorbents have increasingly gained attention over the past decades. This article aims to briefly discuss several key aspects and principles for utilization of low-cost adsorbents for urban stormwater treatment. To determine whether a low-cost adsorbent is suitable for stormwater treatment, two aspects should be carefully assessed, including: 1) its adsorption mechanisms and behaviors that can influence the binding stre.g.,h, adsorption kinetics, and treatment capacity; and 2) unwanted chemical leaching patterns that can affect the extent of water quality degradation. Furthermore, the application mode of an adsorbent in the system design influences the utilization efficiency. Adsorbents, after dosed to soil media in infrastructure, would eventually become ineffective after oversaturation. In contrast, standalone filters or innovative composite adsorbents (e.g., adsorbent-coated mulch chips) can enable a long-lasting adsorption due to periodic replacement with fresh adsorbents. The aforementioned principles play a key role in the success of urban stormwater treatment with low-cost adsorbents.

关键词： Urban stormwater Runoff pollutants Low-cost adsorbents Adsorption Chemical leaching

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Life cycle cost savings analysis on traditional drainage systems from low impact development strategies

Pengfei ZHANG, Samuel T. ARIARATNAM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 88-97 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0063-y

摘要： Areas that are covered with natural vegetation have been converted into asphalt, concrete, or roofed structures and have increased surface impermeability and decreased natural drainage capability. Conventional drainage systems were built to mimic natural drainage patterns to prevent the occurrence of waterlogging in developed sites. These drainage systems consist of two major components: 1) a stormwater conduit system, and 2) a runoff storage system. Runoff storage systems contain retention basins and drywells that are used to store and percolate runoff, whereas conduit systems are combination of catch basins and conduit pipes used to collect and transport runoff. The construction of these drainage systems is costly and may cause significant environmental disturbance. In this study, low impact development (LID) methods that consist of extensive green roofs (GRs) and permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICPs) are applied in real-world construction projects. Construction project documents were reviewed, and related cost information was gathered through the accepted bidding proposals and interviews of specialty contractors in the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona. Results indicate that the application of both LID methods to existing projects can save an average of 27.2% in life cycle costs (LCC) for a 50-year service life and 18.7% in LCC for a 25-year service life on the proposed drainage system, respectively.

关键词： low impact development traditional drainage system hydraulic benefits life-cycle cost

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A modular design kit for task-adaptable low-cost robots based on BaPaMan design

G. BORCHERT, C. L?CHTE, G. CARBONE, A. RAATZ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第8卷第1期页码 33-41 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0356-5

摘要：

This paper discusses the redesign of a binary parallel manipulator named BaPaMan (Binary Actuated Parallel Manipulator). The aim of this work is the improvement of the structures stiffness of BaPaMan. Additionally this paper shows the implementation of a construction kit which allows task-adaptation of low-cost robots based on the BaPaMan structure. BaPaMan is a three degree of freedom (DOF) spatial parallel robot which comprises flexure hinges and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators to achieve a low-cost design, well suited for easy operation applications. Measurements have shown that this comes at the cost of poor structural stiffness and end effector accuracy. To counter these issues BaPaMan2 and BaPaMan3 have been developed and are elaborated within this work. During the design phase, an empirical FEA is used to improve the flexure hinge performance, which analyses relations between several design parameters and the stiffness of the entire system. Finally, task-adaptation is achieved by using a design methodology and a parametric CAD model for BaPaMan. Besides the paper introduces first applications of the BaPaMan structure and shows future work.

关键词： binary actuation flexure hinges SMA actuators low-cost design kit task-adaptation

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A low cost wearable optical-based goniometer for human joint monitoring

Chee Kian LIM, Zhiqiang LUO, I-Ming CHEN, Song Huat YEO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 13-22 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0201-7

摘要：

Widely used in the fields of physical and occupational therapy, goniometers are indispensible when it comes to angular measurement of the human joint. In both fields, there is a need to measure the range of motion associated with various joints and muscle groups. For example, a goniometer may be used to help determine the current status of the range of motion in bend the arm at the elbow, bending the knee, or bending at the waist. The device can help to establish the range of motion at the beginning of the treatment series, and also allow the therapist to monitor progress during subsequent sessions. Most commonly found are the mechanical goniometers which are inexpensive but bulky. As the parts are mechanically linked, accuracy and resolution are largely limited. On the other hand, electronic and optical fiber-based goniometers promise better performance over its mechanical counterpart but due to higher cost and setup requirements does not make it an attractive proposition as well. In this paper, we present a reliable and non-intrusive design of an optical-based goniometer for human joint measurement. This device will allow continuous and long-term monitoring of human joint motion in everyday setting. The proposed device was benchmarked against mechanical goniometer and optical based motion capture system to validate its performance. From the empirical results, it has been proven that this design can be use as a robust and effective wearable joint monitoring device.

关键词： optical goniometer human-joint measurement

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低成本热轧双相钢焊接性能研究

董瑞峰,王国栋

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第2期页码 53-57

摘要：

研究了DP590 低成本热轧双相钢采用合适的焊丝、焊剂及合理的焊接工艺后，钢板焊接接头的拉伸性能、冲击韧性及硬度的变化情况。证明了实验钢具有优良的抗软化能力和冷弯成型性能且淬硬倾向不明显。实验表明，开发的DP590 低成本热轧双相钢焊接性能优良，适于焊接制造汽车车轮、横梁、纵梁等构件。

关键词：低成本双相钢焊接性能

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高强度纤维的低成本化开发新路

回显权

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 132-136

摘要：

为增强玻璃纤维的工作强度，使它达到碳纤维的水平，提出了新生态预浸复合改性技术，以一种永久保持新生态提高强度的方法达到此目的。

关键词：玻璃纤维新生态强度高性能复合材料低成本化

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Nanosized magnetite in low cost materials for remediation of water polluted with toxic metals, azo- and

María Fernanda HORST,Verónica LASSALLE,María Luján FERREIRA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第5期页码 746-769 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0814-x

摘要： Nanosized magnetite has emerged as an adsorbent of pollutants in water remediation. Nanoadsorbents include magnetic iron oxide and its modifiers/stabilizers, such as carbon, silica, clay, organic moieties (polymers, aminoacids, and fatty acids) and other inorganic oxides. This review is focused on the recent developments on the synthesis and use of magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites in the treatment of contaminated water. The emphasis is on the influence of the iron oxide modifiers on some properties of interest such as size, BET area, and magnetization. The characteristics of these nanomaterials are related to their ability to eliminate heavy metal ions and dyes from wastewater. Comparative analysis of the actual literature was performed aiming to present the magnetic material, its preparation methodology and performance in the elimination of the selected pollutants. Vast information has been properly summarized according to the materials, their properties and preferential affinity for selected contaminants. The mechanisms governing nanomaterial’s formation as well as the interactions with heavy metals and dyes have been carefully analyzed and associated to their efficiency.

关键词： nanomagnetite water remediation toxic metals dyes supported magnetite

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迎接铜工业挑战——低成本处理硫化铜精矿途径的思考

朱祖泽

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 87-90

摘要：

对过去10年来铜冶炼的技术进步和铜价格的变化作出的简要回顾指出，未来铜市场的竞争是取决于冶炼技术的生产成本的竞争。坚持自我研究开发和引进相结合才能保证我国铜工业健康稳定发展，并能应付国际竞争。评述了现在强氧化-PS转炉吹炼-火法精炼-电解流程的不足；分析了火湿法联合流程的可能性及依据；新的火湿法联合流程将有更强的竞争优势。

关键词：未来铜工业硫化铜精矿低成本处理

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Shrink-induced graphene sensor for alpha-fetoprotein detection with low-cost self-assembly and label-free

Shota SANDO, Bo ZHANG, Tianhong CUI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第4期页码 574-580 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0485-3

摘要：

Combination of shrink induced nano-composites technique and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled graphene challenges controlling surface morphology. Adjusting shrink temperature achieves tunability on graphene surface morphology on shape memory polymers, and it promises to be an alternative in fields of high-surface-area conductors and molecular detection. In this study, self-assembled graphene on a shrink polymer substrate exhibits nanowrinkles after heating. Induced nanowrinkles on graphene with different shrink temperature shows distinct surface roughness and wettability. As a result, it becomes more hydrophilic with higher shrink temperatures. The tunable wettability promises to be utilized in, for example, microfluidic devices. The graphene on shrink polymer also exhibits capability of being used in sensing applications for pH and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection with advantages of label free and low cost, due to self-assembly technique, easy functionalization, and antigen-antibody reaction on graphene surface. The detection limit of AFP detection is down to 1 pg/mL, and therefore the sensor also has a significant potential for biosensing as it relies on low-cost self-assembly and label-free assay.

关键词： graphene self-assembly shrink polymer AFP label-free biosensor

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A method to synthesize CdSe nanocrystals

XIE Chuang, CHEN Wei, WANG Jingkang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 377-380 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0068-7

摘要： CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) have great application prospects in various fields due to their novel properties. Some high-cost and toxic materials such as --octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) are used in the popular method to synthesize CdSe NCs. Based on this, a new low-cost, environment-friendly and safe solvent was introduced in the synthesis of CdSe NCs in this paper. The prepared CdSe NCs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis), photoluminescence (PL), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), energy disperse X-ray spectra (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CdSe NCs obtained which show a good PL property are monodisperse, size-tunable and of high crystallinity. It indicates that the new solvent A is a good substitute for the solvent used in the classic route and achieves a greener synthesis of CdSe NCs.

关键词： octylphosphine greener synthesis substitute electron micrograph low-cost

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Low-Cost Federated Broad Learning for Privacy-Preserved Knowledge Sharing in the RIS-Aided Internet of

Xiaoming Yuan,Jiahui Chen,Ning Zhang,Qiang Ye,Changle Li,Chunsheng Zhu,Xuemin Sherman Shen,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.015

摘要： High-efficiency and low-cost knowledge sharing can improve the decision-making ability of autonomous vehicles by mining knowledge from the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs). However, it is challenging to ensure high efficiency of local data learning models while preventing privacy leakage in a high mobility environment. In order to protect data privacy and improve data learning efficiency in knowledge sharing, we propose an asynchronous federated broad learning (FBL) framework that integrates broad learning (BL) into federated learning (FL). In FBL, we design a broad fully connected model (BFCM) as a local model for training client data. To enhance the wireless channel quality for knowledge sharing and reduce the communication and computation cost of participating clients, we construct a joint resource allocation and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) configuration optimization framework for FBL. The problem is decoupled into two convex subproblems. Aiming to improve the resource scheduling efficiency in FBL, a double Davidon–Fletcher–Powell (DDFP) algorithm is presented to solve the time slot allocation and RIS configuration problem. Based on the results of resource scheduling, we design a reward-allocation algorithm based on federated incentive learning (FIL) in FBL to compensate clients for their costs. The simulation results show that the proposed FBL framework achieves better performance than the comparison models in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and cost for knowledge sharing in the IoV.

关键词： Knowledge sharing Internet of Vehicles Federated learning Broad learning Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces Resource allocation

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Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 17-26 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0369-3

摘要： Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.

关键词： pavement preservation life-cycle cost analysis agency cost vehicle operation cost

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Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

摘要：

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

关键词： general anesthesia economics cost

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO₂ emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO₂ footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO₂/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO₂/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO₂ transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) carbon footprint levelized cost of liquid lifecycle assessment